Hatra was the last Arab civilization before Islam, located in the Mosul Governorate. This ancient city played a significant role in the region’s history, showcasing rich cultural and architectural heritage. Hatra was known for its unique blend of Arab and Mesopotamian influences, which contributed to its development. The civilization thrived until the rise of Islam, leaving behind valuable archaeological sites that reflect its importance in the pre-Islamic era. (Saif A, نوفمبر 2024)
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